Sunday, May 17, 2020

Political Philosophies From Plato, Locke, Hobbes, And...

Mia Love Poli Sci 51 Prof. Oifer 7/10/2017 Paper #1 Over the course of this paper, political philosophies from Plato, Locke, Hobbes, and Rousseau will be discussed. While some of their views on justice and power are similar, they do have many different beliefs on what is just and who should make it so. These philosopher’s perspectives will be uncovered to propose what justice requires be done to Abbot Kinney Boulevard in Venice, California. While focusing on Plato’s ideas, the paper will critique his ideas from the perspectives of Locke, Hobbes, and Rousseau. According to Plato, it is important to understand what is good, rational, and modest. Locke emphasizes individuals controlling themselves and their property focusing on life, liberty,†¦show more content†¦Justice should be controlled by wise rulers. because they will understand and know the needs of the community. It is important to wise and educated people in the community who know what is best for the community’s basic needs is in charge. Decisions from philosophers must be made with proper reason. â€Å"When is a man likely to succeed best? When he divides his exertions among many skills, or when he devotes himself exclusively to one? When he devotes himself to one (Plato 60). As the quote discusses, it is important that people who have some sort of specialty or wisdom about something, use their life to explore what justice is and how they should inforce it. Plato believes only those who are wise enough and understand what the surrounding community needs can be in power. Plato believes, on Abbot Kinney, those in the community who should make decisions about Abbot Kinney are researchers, intellectuals, and educators. Modern day that might look like professors, researchers, or philosophers who spend their time studying the city. Even city developers would be successful according to Plato because of the time they spend studying Abbot Kinney. Modesty and serving the community is most justice to Plato; he believes that Abbot Kin ney should be run by intellectuals who are dedicated to learning about Abbot Kinney and its surrounding community. According to Locke,Show MoreRelatedThomas Hobbes And John Locke1256 Words   |  6 Pages Differing greatly from the views of Plato, Socrates (as seen through Plato’s teachings), and Aristotle, modern philosophers focused more prominently on human nature instead of the pressing matters of diverse government systems. Granted, Thomas Hobbes and John Locke do discuss political systems to some extent, but they are nowhere near as invested in the ideas of the just and political systems which enticed Plato and Socrates. John Locke was a forward thinker who believed that man is inherently aRead MorePolitical Philosophy, By Steven Cahn1197 Words   |  5 PagesIn Steven Cahn s book, Political Philosophy, The Essential Texts, philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau created the circumstances to enable the fundamental principals of philosophy and politics. These knowledgeable, astute and significant men have helped to achieve the structure of our pas t and present democracy as well as a plan of action for the rights and values that we as citizens can all relate to today. They are grounded in their thinking and tied togetherRead MoreEssay on Explaining Political Philosophy744 Words   |  3 PagesExplaining Political Philosophy Political philosophy, or political theory, as it is also known, is about human condition, or, what humans are like. There are roughly four main kinds of political philosophy around today-Libertarianism, Socialism, Liberalism and Communitarianism. Political theory is an attempt to understand people, what we are like as individuals, what society and the state are like, and how we as humans, the state and society all interact with one andRead MorePolitical Philosophy Is Not Just Applied Moral Philosophy Essay2560 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction: Political philosophy is the study of basic questions about the state, government, politics, liberty, justice etc. political philosophy is concerned with the concepts and arguments involves in political opinion. It is ethics applied to a group of people, discusses about societies set up.In political philosophy it is important to know what ought to be a person’s relationship in a society. This seeks application of ethical concepts to social sphere. It is a standard which help to analyzeRead MoreEssay on What is the Function of a Social Contract?1637 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is the Function of a Social Contract? Philosophers have been concerned with the theories of a social contract for thousands of years. Plato mentions the concept in Crito and in Republic. These theories have stemmed from the concept of justice and for our society to be just. I will look at the works of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau and finally with John Rawls after which a overall view into the function of a social contract can be derived as well as any problems with theRead MoreThe Function of a Social Contract1676 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is the Function of a Social Contract? Philosophers have been concerned with the theories of a social contract for thousands of years. Plato mentions the concept in Crito and in Republic. These theories have stemmed from the concept of justice and for our society to be just. I will look at the works of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau and finally with John Rawls after which a overall view into the function of a social contract can be derived as well as any problems with the theory(s)Read MoreThe Political Of Political Science Essay2347 Words   |  10 Pagesby nature a political animal and he only by nature and by mere accident is without state is either above humanity or below it† Political science is ultimately related with the word politics which is derived from the Greek word â€Å"Polis†.The origin of political thought in the west and therefore goes back to the Greece.Political science is the study of the state and the government.And political philosophy is considersd to be a sub discipline of political science.However it is a political theory,a disciplineRead MorePlato And Aristotle s Views On Political Philosophy Essay3649 Words   |  15 PagesIntroduction: The term â€Å"Political Philosophy† is a normative study of state, government, relationships between individual and communities, laws, rights and justice. It depends on the philosophers that can be entangled with ethics, economics and also metaphysics. Political thinkers are the pioneers of â€Å"Modern Politics† in the world. The first serious political thinkers emerged in Greece. Plato and Aristotle are two great philosophers of ancient Greece. Plato in his book â€Å"The Republic† delivers theRead MoreThe Good Ghanaian Society 1068 Words   |  5 Pagescorporations we work in, should be heading. Despite this kaleidoscope of opinions, fortunately there is a unifying point of agreement: ‘the task of every legitimate government is to secure a good society for its citizens.’ Nearly every political and economic philosopher from the time of Aristotle to Max Weber has agreed that the provision of a good society is the ultimate purpose of government. Once the role of government has been defined, it thus becomes imperative to further define how this good societyRead MorePolitical Science And Political Philosophy Essay3559 Words   |  15 PagesIntroduction Political science is a an academic discipline. It is a part of social science which discuss about government and politics. It generally analyses the methods and policies of government. It is the systematic and analytical study of political and government institutions. The procedure and process of governmental policies is explained in political science. In order to define and analyze political science many political thinkers have given different theories. They practiced political science

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Nigeria Petroleum Corporation - 898 Words

Introduction A business is a commercial activity where a group of people with similar interest trade good and deliver services with the purpose of making profit. From the definition, a business cannot operate in an area with little or no activity. This report will examine the relationship NNPC capabilities and environmental influences using PESTLE models. PESTLE Analysis is an analytical tool for strategic organizational planning. PESTLE is a strategic scheme for understanding external influences on a business. PESTLE stands for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental (Worthington Britton, 2009). It also concentrates on one of the biggest petroleum companies in Nigeria; Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC). Information on this report will give a general overview on the organization, analyze the PESTLE factors as well as discuss three of these factors that affect the operation of the business. Finally, the possible future challenges that the organization might face as it grows will be discussed. BRIEF DESCRPTION OF NIGERIA NATIONAL PETROLEUM CORPORATION (NNPC) Nigeria National Petroleum Corporation was as a result of merger between the Nigeria National Oil Corporation (NNOC) and the Ministry of Petroleum Resources created the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) on April 1, 1977. Nigeria joined the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in 1971 and established the Nigerian National Petroleum Company (NNPC).Show MoreRelatedThe Joint Venture Relationship Between Chevron Nigeria Limited And Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation3166 Words   |  13 Pages2.0 RATIONALE This course work is an analysis of the Joint Venture relationship between Chevron Nigeria Limited (CNL) and the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC). There is an alignment between the strategic intent of CNL that of NNPC; the JV relationship has experienced a barrage of contentious issues ranging from underhanded financial practices, breach of trust and agreements, and the pervasive inability of the NNPC to fulfill its own part of the cash calls in funding the venture.Read MoreThe Petroleum Revenue And Economic Growth Essay1610 Words   |  7 PagesPROPOSED TITLE: The Petroleum Revenue and Economic Growth in Nigeria. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND The Petroleum industry in Nigeria is the largest source of government revenue and it occupies a pivotal position in term of foreign exchange earnings with about 90 percent and over 80 percent contribution to the Gross domestic product. Petroleum sector is the mainstay of Nigerian economy since its discovery in commercial quantity in Oloibiri, Bayelsa State Nigeria in 1956. From 1970 to 2009,Read MoreThe Giant Bomu Oil Field Essay1531 Words   |  7 Pagesproduction The petroleum sector began to add significant role and shape to the Nigerian economy and the political arena and destiny of the country in the early 1060s. However, when Nigeria became an independent nation in 1st October 1960, Shell – BP began to give out its acreage and its exploration licenses were converted in to prospecting licenses that allowed development and production ( Bamberg, 2000; Vassilion, 2009). Following the increase dominance of the Nigerian economy by petroleum sector, theRead MoreThe First Commercial Discovery And Operation Of Oil And Gas Essay1720 Words   |  7 Pagesoperation of oil and gas in Nigeria commenced effectively in 1956. Since then, the Nigerian economy has over time become largely dependent on petroleum. Petroleum accounts for about one-third of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), 76% of government revenue, and 95% of the foreign exchange earnings. Nigeria is the 11th largest crude oil producer in the world, and the largest cr ude oil producer in Africa contributing about 3% of the global crude oil production . Nigeria is also the 9th countryRead MoreThe Effects of Petroleum Business on Nigeria1562 Words   |  7 PagesThe largest petroleum-producing nation in Africa is Nigeria. The petroleum company is the main contributing factor of the GDP in the West African nation, which is also the continents, most noticeable and populous reserves. Since Nigeria was under British control it has suffered socio-economic and political adversities for decades. Corrupt domestic militias and complicity of multinational corporations have rid the nation of its natural resources. The same corporations that are ridding the land andRead MoreSWOT Analysis of Shell in Nigeria1364 Words   |  5 Pagescompanies have worked together since 1903. Shell includes companies like Shell Petroleum of the USA (which wholly owns Shell Oil of the USA and many subsidiaries), Shell Nigeria, Shell Argentina, Shell South Africa, and other indi vidual subsidiaries (shell.com). Shells parent, Royal Dutch/Shell Group is the worlds second largest private sector energy corporation in the world, behind Exxon/Mobil and ahead of British Petroleum. The Royal Dutch/Shell group has proved reserves of 14.4 billion barrels ofRead MoreConceptual Framework And Literature Review Essay1644 Words   |  7 Pagesto the study. 2.1.1 THE CONCEPT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY The concept of corporate social responsibility according to Steiner and Steiner (2000) in Nwaeke (2005) is the duty of a corporation to create wealth by using means that would avoid harm to protect or enhance societal assets. It is a corporation initiative to assess and take responsibility for the company’s effects on environmental and social wellbeing (www.investopedia.com). It applies to efforts that go beyond what may be requiredRead MoreV Royal Dutch Petroleum Co. Legal Brief1219 Words   |  5 PagesKiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co. Legal Brief Case Identity: Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co., 569 U.S. Facts: Plaintiffs are residents of Nigeria, who claim that Dutch, British, and Nigerian corporations engaged in aggressive oil exploration and production, aided and abetted the Nigerian government in committing violations of the law of nations related to crimes against humanity and human rights abuses. Royal Dutch and Shell are parent companies incorporated in the Netherlands and the UnitedRead MoreNigerian National Petroleum Corporation : Oil1616 Words   |  7 Pages During the 1950’s vast reserves of petroleum were discovered in Nigeria, making oil a crucial aspect of the Nigerian economy. Foreign oil companies have then since dominated the oil exploration, drilling, and shipping and 87% of the government’s revenue comes from oil production. Shell Oil decided to enter Nigeria in 1937 through a joint venture with the government owned Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (55%), Total EP Nigeria Ltd (10%), and Agip Oil Company Limited (5%). Shell Oil controlsRea d MoreShell Oil in Nigeria1174 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Shell Oil in Nigeria 1. What are some of the factors explaining why corruption and bribery are so high in Nigeria? Nigeria is considered to be one of the most corrupt countries in the world. Many different forms of corruption are familiar to Nigeria including political corruption, bureaucratic corruption, electoral corruption, embezzlement, and bribery. Corruption has even been said to be a viable enterprise in Nigeria due to the involvement of citizens, government officials, and private

Medicine and Health Continuing Professional Development

Question: This Continuing Professional Development for the role of pharmacist Reflection: 1. What do you need to learn? 2. How is this learning relevant to the safe and effective practice of pharmacy? 3. Why do you think that this learning may be useful for your future practice? 4. What have you learnt? 5. Give an example of how what you have learned could be applied to patient care in your future role as a pharmacist 6. What have been benefits of these activities to your learning? Answers: 1. What do you need to learn According to the given literature review on peptic ulcer disease (PUD), I have come across the clinical manifestations, condition and diagnosis of the disease. This, in particular, includes an understanding of the associated factors in relation to PUD. Therefore, I need to learn about the various effective strategies that need to be implemented for providing proper education and management of risk factors to patients in association with development and recurrence of the peptic ulcer. I need to learn about the suitable methods and steps that need to be taken for encouraging patients to remain abstain from drinking and smoking. I also need to have detailed knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of the disease, which includes understanding the causes and interventions associated with the disease. I need to understand the basic principles of the associated diagnosis process for proper implementation of the various kinds of medical processes associated in relation to PUD. The understandi ng process also includes knowing the advantage of using endoscopy over other available methods of diagnosis that includes first line therapy and other associated methods that primarily causes bleeding. I also need to acquire knowledge regarding the manifestations of the disease for providing proper support and care to the patient. 2. How is this learning relevant to the safe and effective practice of pharmacy? Learning of the clinical manifestations, condition and diagnosis of PUD process will help in understanding the rationale regarding the several consequences and factors associated with PUD. The process will also help in understanding the primary cause and the symptoms associated with PUD. This includes a detailed study of the bacterial model H. pylori and its role for causing PUD. The learning will also provide guidelines to develop knowledge regarding the imbalance caused between mechanisms, which protect the epithelium, and agents that attack such as pepsin, NSAIDs and bacteria. The understanding will also help to develop knowledge regarding the role of important factors, which plays a key role in the epithelial defence system. This learning also facilitates in understanding the role prostaglandins in terms of epithelial protection associated with the activities of Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme. Thus, in brief, the learning facilitates in understanding the aetiology and epidemiology o f PUD. The understanding will help the pharmacists to develop and prescribe small doses of NSAID drugs in order to reduce the chances of developing the peptic ulcer in the future. In association with the safe and effective practice of pharmacy, the learning will also help the pharmacist to understand regarding the various kinds of diagnosis methods associated for safe removal of the ulcer. 3. Why do you think that this learning may be useful for your future practice? Learning regarding PUD helps the pharmacist to develop knowledge regarding a system of planned and structural design for imparting information which emphasizes on the risk factors influencing the development of the infection and prevention of peptic ulcers. The learning process also imparts knowledge upon the risk factors associated with this particular disease which includes factors like an infection by H. pylori, use of NSAIDs, drinking, cigarette smoking, spicy food, stress which leads to the development of the ulcer. The learning process also plays a key role in understanding the relationship between human beings and the bacteria H. pylori in terms of physiological consequences of the infection produced and the subsequent disease state. The learning will also help in acquiring knowledge regarding the clinical features which primarily includes complications like perforation and bleeding which is a common factor associated with peptic ulcer. Proper knowledge and learning regarding PUD will also help in knowing the primary symptoms that remains associated with the onset of PUD which includes anaemia, loss of appetite, excessive vomiting and other complication and thereby will help the pharmacist to take immediate and effective step. The understanding also helps in implementation of effective diagnostic processes which includes endoscopy and the other related therapies for establishing satisfaction among patients. 4. What have you learnt? In accordance with the present topic, I have learnt that a sore in the inner lining of the upper small intestine or stomach is primarily responsible for causing a peptic ulcer. With the breakdown of the mucosal membrane of the stomach or small intestine, digestive juices containing hydrochloric acid and an enzyme called pepsin, causes potential damage to the intestinal and stomach tissues. Peptic ulcer diseases (PUD) are primarily divided into two main types-1) Gastric ulcers (formed in the stomach), 2) Duodenal ulcers (formed in the upper small intestine). From the given literature review, I have also learnt that peptic ulcers are caused by several factors. The primary factors include infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and use of various kinds of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as naproxen, aspirin, ibuprofen etc, which are associated with a breakdown of the protective mucus layer. Although NSAIDs are most commonly used medicine for PUD throughout the world, complications are seen among older people using high doses of NSAIDs. This is because NSAIDs inhibit the rate-limiting enzyme Cyclooxygenase (COX) that plays a key role in synthesizing prostaglandins from arachidonic acid. COX-1 and COX-2 are the two main isoforms of COX. COX-1 stimulates the production of prostaglandins in the gastric mucosa while COX-2 is associated with prostaglandins production in the stomach, liver, kidney and intestines. Inhibition of the enzyme COX-1 in particular by non-selective NSAIDs results in the formation of peptic ulcer s. Furthermore, I have learnt that the primary symptoms associated with PUD include a burning, aching pain between the belly button and the breastbone, loss of appetite, which results in weight loss, nausea, perforation, bleeding, vomiting and bloating. The present review also emphasizes the fact that peptic ulcers are more common in smokers than in non-smokers. It has been reported that smokers are associated with different kinds of chronic disorders, which includes systematic mastocytosis (abnormal infiltration of the mast cells), pulmonary diseases, renal disorders and cirrhosis. From the present literature review, I have also learnt that the commonly used clinical practice associated with PUD includes Endoscopy, Radiology, Proton pump inhibitor therapy (PPI), Prophylaxis (particularly applied to individuals associated with NSAIDs). 5. Give an example of how what you have learned could be applied to patient care in your future role as a pharmacist Learning and understanding of the PUD will help in spreading general awareness among people by evaluating patients requirements, thoughts, beliefs and perspectives for treating the clinical symptoms. The finding will assist me to develop a condition that promotes maintenance of proper health and hygiene as bacterial contamination rapidly spreads through air and water. Individuals shall not be allowed to come in direct contact with the patient diagnosed with the disease. I will be in a unique position to encourage people to remain abstain from drinking and smoking and in the case where it is not possible to cut off the bad habits introduction to other therapies needs to be offered. I will acquire knowledge to make a recommendation for use of small doses of NSAID to slow down the risk of ulcer complications in the future. Furthermore, the present finding will help me in spreading increased awareness among people with O blood group in particular as because the bacteria H. pylori has hig h affinity to bind specifically to the antigen of blood group O. Thus, this will further assist me for providing additional education primarily emphasizing the importance of the widely available diagnostic methods for proper administration of the drug therapies. 6. What have been benefits of these activities to your learning? Activities undertaken during understanding and learning of PUD will help the people to provide proper education regarding the symptoms and course of diagnostic processes. The benefits also includes knowing about the type of ulcer that has been formed. Peptic ulcer depending upon the shape and size is categorized as type 1,2,3,4 and 5 which defines different stages of the ulcer. The activities will also help in providing effective awareness and knowledge regarding the causes of the disease. Activities will also encourage the people to use NSAID at very small doses in order to counter effect the harmful effects NSAID which itself is associated with the development of an ulcer or may be prescribed for using analogues of prostaglandins. The activities will also help in developing ideas regarding various kinds of medical therapies associated in the treatment of ulcer and what methods shall need to be implemented depending upon the shape, size and the course of development of the ulcer. Th e learning benefits also include the understanding of the treatment that needs to be followed after endoscopy and the choice regarding the first line therapy. This will also benefit in providing knowledge regarding the other diagnostic methods associated in case if patients with PUD are not confirmed with endoscopy.